Between Two Worlds: A Reflection on Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s The River Between

Summary

The River Between explores the lives of the people in Kameno and Makuyu as they face the rise of Christianity and colonialism. Some resist this wave of change, while others embrace the new religion and the ways introduced by the white man. Regardless of the path they choose, both sides must pay a heavy price. The story follows Waiyaki, the main character, as he tries to save his people. But will he succeed in the face of love, self-doubt, and betrayal? The story centers on the conflict between Christians and those who remain loyal to traditional beliefs. In the end, can the two villages find peace?

Analysis

This novel is enjoyable and emotionally stirring. It evokes strong feelings of love, sacrifice, commitment, and hope. The plot revolves around two boys, Waiyaki and Kamau, one acting as the protagonist and the other as the antagonist. Ngũgĩ sets the story against the backdrop of Kenya, focusing on the Gikuyu people.

The writing is vivid and transports the reader to the ridges of Kameno and Makuyu, which lie side by side like sleeping lions. These ridges are separated by the River Honia, a river of life that flows through the valley. It is more than just a source of water; it is where villagers carry out cultural rituals, such as the “second birth.”

Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o writes in a simple, engaging, and accessible style. He truthfully presents a story that is deeply rooted in African culture. Through his characters and setting, he highlights the resistance of local leaders to colonial influence and the severe consequences that come with that resistance.

Characters like Muthoni struggle to reconcile their beliefs. She wonders why one must choose between Christianity and tribal identity. Her decision to pursue both takes immense courage. Her father, Joshua, cannot accept her choice and disowns her. This moment was particularly powerful:

“On the following day, Nyambura brought the sad news that Muthoni had refused to return home. Joshua sat still as he listened to this. Already he felt ashamed for being caught last night by the devil, unawares. He had now prayed, asking for strength never to be caught again in slumber, but this news was hard for him: for a man who had walked in the paths of righteousness. He remembered Job and thanked God. From that day Muthoni ceased to exist for him, in his heart. She had brought an everlasting disgrace to him and his house, which he had meant to be an example of what a Christian home should grow into.”

The novel shows how closely bound African communities were before colonial intervention. The people of Kameno and Makuyu held tightly to the secrets and customs of the tribe. Outsiders were not allowed into their way of life. Ngũgĩ writes:

“The oilskin of the house is not for rubbing into the skin of strangers.”

Muthoni’s death is seen by the elders as a sign that the gods of the land, Murungu, are displeased. They believe the land has been defiled. In response, they prepare to fight those who follow the new faith, while missionaries and converts also prepare to defend themselves. The conflict escalates. The villagers recall the warnings of Chege, who once spoke of men who looked like butterflies coming to their land. His warnings had been ignored, and he is now long gone. This serves as a reminder to always listen when a warning is given.

Waiyaki’s love for Nyambura is another deeply moving element. Their bond is so strong that they can sense each other’s presence even when apart. As violence looms, Waiyaki is torn between following his heart or turning away from Nyambura to fulfill his duty to the tribe. This passage stood out:

“He wanted to rise and speak to the people and tell them about Nyambura and how he had rescued her, but his knees failed him as he saw Nyambura in the gathering twilight, brought by Kamau and two other young men. She was made to stand before the people… and the people shouted, ‘The Oath! The Oath!’ as if they were warning their teacher. Waiyaki stood up and his eyes met those of Nyambura.”

Ngũgĩ presents conflict, hatred, betrayal, and the sting of ungratefulness. Envy can outweigh even the greatest good. During a confrontation led by Kabonyi and the Kiama, Waiyaki is accused of associating with Muthoni and Nyambura, who are considered impure by the tribe. He is overwhelmed by anger and shame.

Strengths

This book is beautifully written. It draws out emotion from the reader and keeps the story moving. It is engaging from beginning to end. You may find yourself reading it all in one sitting, eager to know what happens next.

Weaknesses

While the book is powerful, the ending feels a bit rushed. As a reader, I wanted to know what happens to Waiyaki and Nyambura. What decision does the Kiama make? These questions are left unanswered.

Recommendation

The River Between is a must-read for people from all walks of life. It is especially suitable for high school students and adults. Anyone with an interest in African literature and stories by African writers will find this book compelling and worthwhile.